Salix caroliniana, commonly known as Coastal Plain Willow is native to the southeastern USA, Mexico, Caribbean Islands and the parts of Central America.
It is a shrub or small tree. It’s generally grows in wet areas and along ponds and lakes edges. Typically it grows 5 – 9 m (16 – 30 f) in height, in Florida occasionally it can be grow higher. Often as broad as tall or broader. The shape of the tree is irregular crown. The trunk is short, and often leaning. The bark color is gray, roughened with ridges and furrows. The smooth bark is not particularly outstanding. It is described by Argus as "having branches dark to light brown, glabrous or sparsely pubescent (coated with soft hairs); branchlets reddish brown to yellowish brown, brittle at branch base, with bud scale margins free and overlapping.
S. caroliniana is a deciduous tree. The leaves are temperate, light green in color. These are long and narrow, about 20 cm (8 in) long and 2 - 5 cm (1 - 2 in) broad. There have little grooves both edges of the leaves.
The flowers of Coastal Plain Willow are White in color are appeared in the early spring, either before or together with the emergence of leaves. The spear shaped capsule are green in color. When it becomes mature and buster numbers of seeds comes out. Every seeds contain white cotton to wind dispersed seeds
It is erect or sub erect annual herbaceous plant grows 30 –
110 cm (12 – 43 in) in height with articulated shoots. It grows in moist and
shady places. The stems quadrangular, glabrous with longitudinal furrows and
wings along the angles. Petioles up to 1 cm long and the lance-shaped leaves
hairless blades measuring up to 12 cm (5 in) long and 1.5 – 2.5 cm (0.5 – 1 in)
wide, entire, acuminate, 4 – 6 lateral vined, color dark green.
The small flowers in lax panicles, up to 9 cm (3.5 in) long.
Pedicels up 5 mm long, glandular pubescent. Bracts 2 mm long, lanceolate. Sepals
up to 4 mm long, linear-lanceolate, segments equal, glandular-pubescent on the
outside. Corolla up to 16 mm (6.5 in) long, white, lower lip deeply 3 lobed
with deep purplish marking inside at the base, upper lip notched or 2 toothed.
Stamens 2, filaments hairy, exerted, anther cells oblong, base bearded. Ovary
seated on a small disc, style slender, stigma minutely bifid. The fruit is a
capsule up to 2 cm (0.80 in) long and 4 mm wide, linear-oblong, acute at base,
pointed at apex. The seeds are 2 mm long, sub quadrate, yellowish-brown in
color.
It is mainly distributed South Asian country like as India,
Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. It can be found in a variety of habitats, such as
plains, hillsides, coastlines, and also cultivated or wildly grows areas such
as roadsides, farms, and wastelands. The herb is some species in northern parts
of India, Java, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Hong Kong, Thailand, Brunei,
Singapore, the West Indies, and elsewhere in the Americas.
Mostly the leaves and roots were used for medicinal purposes
also the whole plant is used in some cases. Very widely used as a medicine in
liver complaints and as a febrifuge. Commonly substituted for Chirata (Swertia
chirata Ham.) by the crude drug dealers. It has been used in Siddha and
Ayurvedic medicine, and promoted as a dietary supplement for cancer prevention
and cure.
The seeds should be conserved in seed banks, and large-scale
cultivation should be taken up to ease pressure on the wild population. The seeds
are sown during May and June. The seedlings are transplanted at a distance of
60 cm and cultivation near homesteads.
Cupressocyparis leylandii commonly known as Leyland Cypress
is native to England. This is remarkable and interesting hybrid was first
raised in 1888 by C. J. Leyland at Leighton Hall near Welshpool in
Montgomeryshire, the seed parent being a Nootka Cypress, Chamaecyparis
nootkatensis Spache., near which grew a Monterey Cypress, Cupressus macrocarpa
Gordon. Six seedlings were seen to differ from typical Nootka seedlings and
were transplanted to Haggerston Castle in Northumberland, where they grew to a
considerable size without exciting any particular attention. In 1911, two
seedlings of the reverse cross where raised at Leighton Hall, the female parent
on this occasion being the ‘macrocarpa’. It was not until 1925 that the hybrids
were brought to the notice of Dallimore and Jackson who obtained specimens for
propagation and published and botanical description in the following year.
This is a coniferous evergreen tree much used in
horticulture, primarily for hedges and screens. Even on sites of relatively
poor culture, fast-growing that grows to heights of 15 m (49 ft) in 16 years.
The plant's rapid growth (up to a metre per year) and great potential height –
often over 20 metres (66 ft) tall, sometimes as high as 35 metres (115 ft).
Their rapid, thick growth means they are sometimes used to enforce privacy, but
such use can result in disputes with neighbor’s whose own property becomes
overshadowed.
Clones from the original hybrids noted above have been
propagated on an increasingly large scale, especially since the advent of mist
propagation facilitated the rooting of cuttings. The commonly used clones can
be distinguished by differences in habit, and in the ease of striking of their
cuttings.
Leyland Cypress is a vigorous tree, densely foliaged to the
base, columnar in habit, with the best characteristics of its parents. It has
pleasing mid-green or blue-green sprays of foliage made up of scale-like
needles, and long ascending compact branches which are red or cinnamon except
for the shoots, which are green. Both sexes of flowers are found on the same
tree. The round cones are intermediate between those of its parents in size 1-2
cm in diameter and in number of scales are 8. They are greenish, and later turn
to grey or chocolate brown. The seeds ripen in the second year, but propagation
is almost wholly by strength, and has satisfactory working properties.
The tree is of great horticultural value and is also a fine
hedge plant, being fast-growing and notably winter-hardy. Silvi-culturists too
are propagating it by cuttings and planting it in tens of thousands in the hope
that there may be a good future for this tree, comprising as it does the fast
growth rate of Monterey Cypress with the frost hardiness and good timber
characteristics of Nootka Cypress. There is on tree (at Bicton in Devon) over
100 feet tall. This is also one of the Christmas Tree. People use this tree for their Christmas decoration.
This is one of the beautiful ornament tree and
easy customize plant that’s why people plant in their garden or in park various
shape and style.
