Trees Planet: Cycas sexseminifera

Friday, February 6, 2026

Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad

General Information

Common Name	Six-seeded cycad
Scientific Name	*Cycas sexseminifera*
Sun Tolerance	Full Sun
Height	0.6 to 1 m (2 to 3.3 ft)
Spread	1 to 1.2 m (3.3 to 4 ft)
Growth Rate	Slow
Bloom Time	Late Spring
Color	Green,
Flower Color	Yellow
Type	Tree
Native	Asia

Classification

Kingdom	Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom	Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision	Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division	Cycadophyta - Cycads
Class	Cycadopsida
Subclass	Cycadidae
Order	Cycadales
Family	Cycadaceae Pers. - Cycad family
Genus	Cycas L. – Cycad
Species	C. sexseminifera L.

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Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad

Cycas sexseminifera, commonly known as the Six-seeded cycad, is a rare and highly distinctive cycad species belonging to the ancient family Cycadaceae. This species is endemic to , thriving in well-drained, rocky soils and open woodland habitats. As with other cycads, it is a and does not produce true flowers; instead, it forms cones for reproduction, reflecting its evolutionary antiquity. Cycas sexseminifera is notable for its slow growth and remarkable longevity, traits that have enabled it to survive in its isolated natural habitats for millions of years. The species’ restricted distribution, coupled with habitat fragmentation, makes it ecologically and botanically significant. Its structural resilience and adaptability to harsh environmental conditions highlight its evolutionary success. Both researchers and cycad enthusiasts value Six-seeded cycad for its rarity and aesthetic appeal, as well as for its contribution to understanding the biology and evolution of ancient seed plants. Conservation efforts are critical to ensure the persistence of this species, as wild populations face pressure from land use changes and environmental disturbances.

The Leaves of Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad

The leaves of Cycas sexseminifera are one of its most striking features, forming a symmetrical, arching crown that contrasts beautifully with the rugged landscapes of its native range. Each frond is and can reach lengths of 1.2 to 1.8 meters, depending on the plant’s age and environmental conditions. Leaflets are narrow, elongated, and arranged in opposite pairs along a central rachis, giving the foliage a refined and orderly appearance. Young leaves emerge covered in soft, brown tomentum, which gradually wears off as they mature into a deep glossy green. The leaflets are slightly leathery and possess a pointed apex, which reduces water loss and provides , crucial for survival in seasonally dry habitats. Leaf bases remain attached to the trunk for several years, providing structural reinforcement and protection to the stem. Leaf production is slow, generally occurring once per year, emphasizing the plant’s conservative growth strategy and longevity.

The leaves not only play a functional role in photosynthesis and protection but also contribute significantly to the ornamental appeal of the Six-seeded cycad, making it a favorite among collectors and gardeners seeking plants with both historical and aesthetic value.

The Trunk of Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad

The trunk of Cycas sexseminifera is stout, cylindrical, and covered with persistent leaf bases that give it a rugged, textured appearance. Mature specimens can reach heights of 1.5 to 2 meters, with diameters of 20 to 30 centimeters, providing stability in the rocky and shallow soils of its natural environment. The trunk grows slowly, reflecting the species’ conservative growth strategy, and often develops a slightly swollen base to anchor the plant against seasonal winds and erosion. Spiral leaf scars mark the surface of the trunk, recording the plant’s long-term growth and enhancing its prehistoric appearance. Internally, the trunk contains vascular tissue and a substantial pith, which serve as storage for water and nutrients, supporting leaf and cone production during dry periods. Rarely, older plants may branch if damaged, but this is uncommon. The sturdy trunk, combined with the elegant crown of leaves, reinforces the plant’s architectural value. The Six-seeded cycad trunk exemplifies resilience and adaptation, reflecting its evolutionary history and ensuring the plant’s survival over decades, if not centuries, in its natural habitat.

Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad Male Flower

The male reproductive structure of Cycas sexseminifera is a conspicuous, elongated cone composed of tightly packed microsporophylls. Each microsporophyll bears multiple pollen sacs on its underside, which release pollen when mature. Male cones are typically brownish to yellow in color and can reach lengths of 50 to 70 centimeters. Cone development is gradual and synchronized with the plant’s seasonal growth flush. The pollen is transferred to female plants primarily through wind, though insect activity can also aid pollination. The structure of the male cone, like other cycads, reflects an ancient reproductive strategy predating flowering plants. After pollen release, the cone gradually dries and disintegrates. The presence of these impressive cones adds visual interest and highlights the plant’s reproductive biology. The Six-seeded cycad male cones are a striking feature, demonstrating both evolutionary sophistication and aesthetic appeal. Their emergence is a key indicator of the plant’s maturity and health, providing critical insight into the life cycle of this slow-growing, long-lived species.

Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad Female Flower

Female plants of Cycas sexseminifera produce megasporophylls rather than true cones. These structures are leaf-like and thickened, forming a loose rosette at the center of the leaf crown. Each megasporophyll carries several ovules along its margins, which are exposed rather than enclosed, a primitive characteristic of cycads. Initially covered in fine tomentum, the structures gradually harden as seeds develop. Pollination occurs when pollen from male cones reaches the ovules, often assisted by insects or wind. Once fertilized, seeds develop over several months, protected by the megasporophylls until fully mature. The arrangement of female reproductive structures is visually distinctive and provides insight into early seed plant evolution. The Six-seeded cycad female structures, while less compact than male cones, contribute to the species’ ornamental and scientific value. Their exposed ovules and rugged texture underscore the plant’s adaptation to harsh environmental conditions and highlight its status as a living link to prehistoric flora.

The Seeds of Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad

The seeds of Cycas sexseminifera are large, oval, and partially covered by a fleshy , which turns orange-brown at maturity. The seeds are adapted for survival in nutrient-poor, rocky soils, with a hard inner shell that protects the embryo during dormancy. Once mature, seeds may be dispersed by animals attracted to their bright sarcotesta, although gravity plays a significant role in natural seed drop. Seed development is slow, often requiring several months from pollination to full maturity, reflecting the plant’s conservative reproductive strategy. Germination is gradual, demanding warm, well-drained conditions and careful handling due to the presence of . The nutrient-rich seeds provide seedlings with the energy needed to establish in harsh environments. Their robust structure and longevity are characteristic of cycads and demonstrate the evolutionary persistence of Cycas sexseminifera. The Six-seeded cycad seeds exemplify resilience, linking reproductive success with adaptation to its native habitat.

Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad Young Plant

Cycas sexseminifera can be cultivated in tropical and subtropical gardens, provided its native habitat conditions are replicated. The species prefers well-drained, rocky or sandy soils and requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. Although drought-tolerant, regular deep watering during active growth promotes healthy leaf and cone development. Overwatering must be avoided to prevent root rot. Slow-release fertilizers applied sparingly at the beginning of the growth flush enhance foliage production without forcing unnatural growth. The plant’s slow growth rate and sensitivity to root disturbance necessitate careful handling. Protection from frost is essential outside tropical regions. Due to its rarity, cultivation also serves a conservation purpose, reducing the pressure on wild populations and preserving genetic diversity. The Six-seeded cycad thrives best in gardens that mimic its natural rocky habitats, combining aesthetics with ecological care.

Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad Ornamental Plant

The ornamental appeal of Cycas sexseminifera lies in its elegant crown of pinnate leaves, stout trunk, and striking reproductive structures. Its symmetrical fronds and architectural form make it an excellent focal point in tropical landscapes, , and . Slow growth and long lifespan give the plant a sense of permanence and timelessness, appealing to gardeners who appreciate long-term, low-maintenance ornamentals. The deep green leaves contrast beautifully with gravel, stone, or minimalist garden designs, while the emerging cones add seasonal visual interest. The Six-seeded cycad is highly prized among cycad collectors due to its rarity, architectural beauty, and prehistoric lineage. Its drought tolerance and adaptability to poor soils enhance its practical value, while its unique form educates viewers about ancient plant evolution. Even without flowers, the species commands attention, combining aesthetic, ecological, and educational significance in any cultivated setting.

Cycas sexseminifera – Six-seeded cycad

Cycas sexseminifera represents a remarkable intersection of ancient evolutionary history and ecological adaptation. From its graceful, pinnate leaves to its stout, textured trunk, every feature reflects a lineage that has persisted for millions of years. Its primitive reproductive structures, including both male cones and female megasporophylls, demonstrate evolutionary strategies predating flowering plants. The Six-seeded cycad’s slow growth, long lifespan, and tolerance for harsh environmental conditions highlight its resilience and adaptive success. Restricted distribution and specialized habitat requirements underscore the importance of conservation and responsible cultivation. As both a botanical specimen and an ornamental plant, it bridges scientific inquiry and aesthetic appreciation. The species encourages patience, long-term care, and a deeper understanding of prehistoric flora. Preserving and cultivating Cycas sexseminifera ensures that future generations can continue to study, admire, and learn from one of the Earth’s most enduring plant lineages. Its presence in gardens, collections, or natural habitats serves as a living testament to the resilience and elegance of cycads, reaffirming their role as iconic symbols of evolutionary persistence.